Interleukin-1 gene cluster variants and recurrent pregnancy loss among North Indian women: retrospective study and meta-analysis

This retrospective genetic association study evaluated interleukin-1 gene cluster variants in North Indian women with recurrent pregnancy loss and paired the cohort findings with a meta-analysis of prior studies. The analysis focused on IL1B promoter and IL1RN polymorphisms that shape inflammatory signaling at the maternal-fetal interface. Specific risk-associated genotypes and haplotypes were enriched in affected women, supporting a contributory role for dysregulated IL-1 pathway activity in miscarriage susceptibility.